Visiting Machu Picchu raises questions about its history, construction, and the architecture of the Inca site. Today, it is one of the most impressive places in the world. This site invites you to discover historical facts, curiosities, and its legacy as a UNESCO World Heritage site.
In this article, we take you on a tour of historical facts and highlight more places of this unique site.
7 Historical Facts You Should Know About Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu is more than just a tourist destination; it reflects the skill of the Incas and holds mysteries that remain unsolved. Here, we present seven key facts about its history that anyone interested in Peruvian culture should know.
It was built in the 15th century under the command of Pachacuti, but its purpose remains a mystery. It is believed to have been a private residence, a religious sanctuary, or an astronomical center, all highlighted by its strategic location in the Andes.
Machu Picchu was abandoned after the Spanish invasion in the 16th century, due to war and disease. Although it was never discovered by the conquerors, its remote location kept it intact, leading to its rediscovery centuries later. Today, it is a very popular destination.
It is mistakenly called the "Lost City of the Incas." Although it was forgotten by many, the locals always knew of its existence. The term became popular when explorer Hiram Bingham rediscovered it in 1911.
In 1911, Hiram Bingham rediscovered Machu Picchu during an expedition. While some locals had known about the site, the discovery brought it to the attention of the Western world. Bingham recovered objects and documents that showed its archaeological significance.
The Inca Trail connects the Sacred Valley to Machu Picchu and was used by the Incas as a pilgrimage route to the sanctuary. Along the way, travelers passed through ceremonial stations and sacred sites like the Sun Temple and the Sacred Rock. Today, it is one of the most famous trekking routes, followed by travelers seeking to relive the experience.
In the 20th century, a Yale expedition led by Hiram Bingham took objects from Machu Picchu, which remained at the university for years. In 2008, after a lengthy legal battle, the objects were returned to Peru and are now displayed at the Machu Picchu Museum in Cusco.
There are theories about whether Machu Picchu was complete when it was abandoned. Some archaeologists suggest that many of its structures were still under construction or being renovated at the time of the Inca disappearance. This may explain the differences in the finishing of some areas throughout the site.
The architecture of Machu Picchu is notable for the Inca's ability to work with stones without mortar, a fact that continues to amaze scholars and visitors. The structures of the city reflect advanced construction techniques and remain a mystery and a source of fascination.
Machu Picchu withstands earthquakes due to its dry masonry technique, in which stones are stacked without mortar, fitting together perfectly. This precision allows the stones to move during an earthquake without causing the structures to collapse, which has helped the site remain intact over time.
The underground of Machu Picchu remains largely unexplored. While archaeologists have suggested it could contain tombs, tunnels, and Inca artifacts, these underground areas may provide new information about the site and offer more details about its history.
Machu Picchu has an advanced water system that includes channels, fountains, and aqueducts to transport water from the nearby mountains. This system not only ensured a supply of drinking water, but also regulated the flow during the rainy season, preventing flooding and protecting the structures.
It is surrounded by two mountains open for climbing: Huayna Picchu and the Machu Picchu Mountain. Both offer spectacular views with distinct features. Huayna Picchu is known for its challenging ascent, while Machu Picchu Mountain offers a longer, but equally impressive, journey.
It may have had an astronomical purpose, as several of its buildings are aligned with the solstices and equinoxes. The Temple of the Sun, for example, appears to have been designed to observe the sun at specific times of the year, reflecting the advanced astronomical knowledge of the Incas and their connection to agriculture.
It is divided into two main sectors: the agricultural sector and the urban sector. The agricultural sector includes terraces for farming, while the urban sector contains homes, temples, and plazas. This division reflects the importance of agriculture and spiritual life in Inca society.
It wasn't destroyed by the Spanish due to its remote location and the fact that it was abandoned before the conquistadors arrived. These factors helped the site remain intact, avoiding its destruction.
The Secret Temple of Machu Picchu is a legend that remains part of the site's mysteries. Despite stories of its existence, there is no clear evidence of its location.
Practical Tips for Visiting Machu Picchu
How Your Travel Agency Can Help You
A travel agency specializing in Peru and Machu Picchu can help you organize your trip, preventing mistakes when choosing a route or not having the correct documents. Additionally, they will provide professional guides to enhance your experience and help you access less crowded routes for a more peaceful visit.
Come visit Peru and Cusco! At Illapa Culturas, we offer the best experience. Contact us at +51 944 714 563 or via email at info@illapa.com. Forget about the hassle and let us be part of your adventure.
